As everyone grows up, everyone has to take a Math class...

As everyone grows up, everyone has to take a Math class from Kindergarten to twelfth grade. At the early stage of math classes, most of the problems were solved by using pencil and paper. Eventually, calculators took over the method of using pencil and paper. Calculators were first made in 1642 by a French mathematician, Blaise Pascal. According to the article, â€Å"Who Made the First Calculator,† calculators were created for the usage of helping a person add and subtract numbers without using their hands (â€Å"Who made the first calculator†). However, they were not introduced into classrooms due to the cost, size, and appearance of the calculator. Eventually they became sleeker and less expensive. Ever since then students started to use them in†¦show more content†¦It is also very important that students learn how to estimate an answer without relying on the calculator. As stated in an article, â€Å"Using calculator in elementary math,† it is very ea sy to make mistakes on the calculator (Using Calculators). Students must learn how to solve a problem before using the calculator although a calculator does make the process go by faster. Although calculators make the process of solving a math problem faster, it makes a person depend more on the calculator. According to Doctor Ian there will be times when there is not a calculator around to use and if there is one, the battery might be dead (Ian, Doctor). For example, on the EOGs and SATs, there may be sections on the test that calculators are not permitted. For kids who depend on the calculator, it may be harder for them to do math in their head. The calculator prevents students from doing critical thinking. Students, who usually depend on the calculator, tend to be weak at analyzing their answers to make sure that it is right (Calculators: Good or Bad). This may explain the student’s poor score on their EOGs and SATs. Calculators is a problem to young kids these days. It ma kes them depend more on the calculator then trying to actually work it out in their mind. However there is a solution. With the ever growing world of technology, students should be allowed to use calculators in the classroom, but only when it is necessary. Basic math skills, such as addition, subtraction,Show MoreRelatedThe Search For The Perfect School System Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesBuilding Citizens, Not Minions The search for the perfect school system is an ongoing task in America. Everyone wants to see the nation’s students successful because of their hard work in school. Many believe that the best way for our students to succeed is through an equal set of standards for all schools in every state, which is precisely what Common Core State Standards set out to accomplish: to provide the same set of academic standards for schools in every state to better improve equalityRead MoreI Am An Effective Educator Essay2305 Words   |  10 Pagesa few things about education and who I really am or who I hope, to be as an effective educator. I’ve looked back at my own background in order to discover who I am and what my differences are from those around me. What the differences have to offer to others as a teacher. I have been blessed with growing up in a diverse background with mixture of cultures and beliefs. As a teacher I will bring a fair playing field to my classroom in order to give every student the opportunity to reach their fullRead MoreSchool to Prison Pipeline2888 Words   |  12 Pagessuch opposite paths by using discipline as an excuse? There may well be an argument that ultimately the school and prison system have nothing to do with one another; however, I believe they have become one in the same. When a child can be suspended from school for bringing a plastic knife to cut his banana or a child can be expelled after two incidents of misbehavior, I think we have a problem. Where is the compassion and understanding that our education system was built on, particularly in casesRead MoreAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 Pagess OK to be different. Continue being yourself. It worked out for me. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHAPTER 1 Pep Guardiola, the coach in Barcelona, with his grey suits and troubled face, came up to me looking concerned. I thought he was all right at that time, certainly not a Mourinho or Capello, but an ok guy. This was way before we started our war. It was the fall of 2009 and I was living my childhood dream. I was playing in the best

Working Class Occupation And Masculinity - 832 Words

Continuing on with the discussion on working-class occupation and masculinity, Paul Willis (1977) conducted research and wrote an article on why working-class kids get working-class jobs. The 12 working-class lads that Willis (1977) interviewed were all from a town in England, that was largely industrial, called Hammertown. Willis (1977) witnessed a distinct counter-culture towards the school and what Willis calls learning labour . The argument that is put forward in the article is that the lads rejected the learning labour not because they had bad experiences in school, but instead because it was seen as feminine (Willis, P., 1977). Thus lads demonstrated stereotypical views of working-class males masculinity. They believed that manual labour and working physically hard is an expression of male masculinity (ibid). The article does also share an idea that the lads conform to the ideas that are shared by the leader or others members of the group (ibid). This conforming to soc ial groups does give us a valuable insight to the possible reason why working-class males get working-class masculine jobs. Linking in with Joan Acker s (2006) work on inequality regimes, Willis (1977) does make reference to companies praying on lads, similar to the ones he interviewed, who are from working-class backgrounds and share the lads masculine ideas, to work in their low-skilled factories. However, the lads did not see this as them being exploited by the organisations,Show MoreRelatedReal Men Vs. Little Boys : The English Disease1136 Words   |  5 Pages(Real Men Vs. Little Boys) The English Disease Informational Written by; Matthew Clemans Labeled the English Disease. Football Hooliganism still persists in today’s society however what role does masculinity play in the construct of the so-called cocaine-fuelled, adrenaline reliant, â€Å"disruptive animals of today s society†. What Is Football Hooliganism, Who is involved? Football Hooliganism is the term used to describe disorderly, aggressive and often violent behavior perpetrated by spectatorsRead MoreStratification And Social Mobility On A Person s Chances For A Higher Life Expectancy Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pagesare slavery, caste, estate and class.† â€Å"The current stratification within the United States is an open, class system where the position of an individual is influenced by their achieved status and social ranking is primarily based on economic position.† Certain â€Å"characteristics within the system can influence social mobility, which is the idea that a person can move from one position in society’s stratification system to another.† A person’s position in this â€Å"class system shapes their access to materialRead MoreMasculinity in the Workplace Essay examples1028 Words   |  5 PagesMasculinity in the Workplace The concept of masculinity first emerged during the early stages of the modern industrial revolution. With the rapid progress of technology, the conditions of living became better and the traditional definition of masculinity changed. Today, in the modern workplace of America, masculinity is a factor that has to be taken into account by managers and also by employees. It plays a crucial and distinctive role in the way people will interact with each other and shapesRead MoreEssay on The Change of Gender Roles During the First World War1227 Words   |  5 Pagesgather parcels from refugees, roll bandages for the Red Cross, and maintain a comfortable home for the soldiers return. Many upper-class women established charitable organizations to assist the families of soldiers or Belgian refugees. A widespread response by middle-class women was the knitting of scarves and socks for soldiers, which was an unobjectionable occupation (Grayzell, 1999). Not long into the war, there were labor shortages and demands of the total war overwhelmed popular prejudicesRead MoreGendered Logics And The Representation Of The Workplace2215 Words   |  9 Pageslogics are embedded in the taken for granted practices and assumptions of the workplace. The notion of hegemonic masculinity is the standard to which subordinate men and women are live up to and are compared in relation to. Power and privilege are consequently allotted to and maintained by the dominant group. â€Å"Thus occupations and organizations are important arenas in which masculinities are defined and maintained and challenged† (Lupton 2010). This illustrates that men are concerned with preservingRead MoreUsing Material from Item a and Elsewhere, Assess the Claim That Gender Differences in Educational Achievement Are Primarily the Result of Changes in Society1188 Words   |  5 Pagesfactors also impact gender differences in educational achievements hugely. According to T ony Sewell, boys fall behind in education because schools have become more feminised, as indicated in Item A. This means that feminine traits such as methodical working and attentiveness have been emphasised, which in result disadvantaged boys. The gender gap in achievement increased after the introduction of GCSEs and coursework in 1988. Mitsos and Browne argue that girls are more successful in coursework becauseRead MoreFamily Formation And Structure Of The Nuclear Family1457 Words   |  6 Pagesto become the sole breadwinner and pressured my grandparents to stop working. Because he worked so hard to maintain this structure, the divorce had great effect, as by straying from the structure by being a single parent instead of a father and mother. he worked even harder to maintain it, whether it be by love for his family or for pride s sake, it didn’t make a difference to me. 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Through understanding the significance of these social constructs on society it becomes apparent the intersectionality they have when it comes to understanding why certain groups may face discrimination or inequality. This paper examines gender inequality and how the socialRead MoreThe Role Of Gender And Socio Economic Status1091 Words   |  5 Pagesbe examined. Already by looking at the overall statistics, it could be generalized that the crime rate of males is higher than that of women (Broidy Agnew 1997 p. 277). Also, some of the crimes are particularly associated with demonstration of masculinity, for example , the honour killings. In studies of Polk (1999 p. 13), the honour contests are told to often occur where â€Å" a form of social friction† accumulates, in front of an audience. The importance of this type of homicide lies on the presence

Computer Aided Instruction Free Essays

COMPUTER-AIDED INSTRUCTION Douglas N. Arnold I. Introduction Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI), diverse and rapidly expanding spectrum of computer technologies that assist the teaching and learning process. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Aided Instruction or any similar topic only for you Order Now CAI is also known as computer-assisted instruction. Examples of CAI applications include guided drill and practice exercises, computer visualization of complex objects, and computer-facilitated communication between students and teachers. The number of computers in American schools has risen from one for every 125 students in 1981 to one for every nine students in 1996. While the United States leads the world in the number of computers per school student, Western European and Japanese schools are also highly computerized. II. Types of CAI Information that helps teach or encourages interaction can be presented on computers in the form of text or in multimedia formats, which include photographs, videos, animation, speech, and music. The guided drill is a computer program that poses questions to students, returns feedback, and selects additional questions based on the students’ responses. Recent guided drill systems incorporate the principles of education in addition to subject matter knowledge into the computer program. Computers also can help students visualize objects that are difficult or impossible to view. For example, computers can be used to display human anatomy, molecular structures, or complex geometrical objects. Exploration and manipulation of simulated environments can be accomplished with CAI-ranging from virtual laboratory experiments that may be too difficult, expensive, or dangerous to perform in a school environment to complex virtual worlds like those used in airplane flight simulators. CAI tools, such as word processors, spreadsheets, and databases, collect, organize, analyze, and transmit information. They also facilitate communication among students, between students and instructors, and beyond the classroom to distant students, instructors, and experts. CAI systems can be categorized based on who controls the progression of the lesson. Early systems were linear presentations of information and guided drill, and control was directed by the author of the software. In modern systems, and especially with visualization systems and simulated environments, control often rests with the student or with the instructor. This permits information to be reviewed or examined out of sequence. Related material also may be explored. In some group instructional activities, the lesson can progress according to the dynamics of the group. III. Advantages and Disadvantages CAI can dramatically increase a student’s access to information. The program can adapt to the abilities and preferences of the individual student and increase the amount of personalized instruction a student receives. Many students benefit from the immediate responsiveness of computer interactions and appreciate the self-paced and private learning environment. Moreover, computer-learning experiences often engage the interest of students, motivating them to learn and increasing independence and personal responsibility for education. Although it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of any educational system, numerous studies have reported that CAI is successful in raising examination scores, improving student attitudes, and lowering the amount of time required to master certain material. While study results vary greatly, there is substantial evidence that CAI can enhance learning at all educational levels. In some applications, especially those involving abstract reasoning and problem-solving processes, CAI has not been very effective. Critics claim that poorly designed CAI systems can dehumanize or regiment the educational experience and thereby diminish student interest and motivation. Other disadvantages of CAI stem from the difficulty and expense of implementing and maintaining the necessary computer systems. Some student failures can be traced to inadequate teacher training in CAI systems. Student training in the computer technology may be required as well, and this process can distract from the core educational process. Although much effort has been directed at developing CAI systems that are easy to use and incorporate expert knowledge of teaching and learning, such systems are still far from achieving their full potential. IV. History In the mid-1950s and early 1960s a collaboration between educators at Stanford University in California and International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) introduced CAI into select elementary schools. Initially, CAI programs were a linear presentation of information with drill and practice sessions. These early CAI systems were limited by the expense and the difficulty of obtaining, maintaining, and using the computers that were available at that time. Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations (PLATO) system, another early CAI system initiated at the University of Illinois in the early 1960s and developed by Control Data Corporation, was used for higher learning. It consisted of a mainframe computer that supported up to 1000 terminals for use by individual students. By 1985 over 100 PLATO systems were operating in the United States. From 1978 to 1985 users logged 40 million hours on PLATO systems. PLATO also introduced a communication system between students that was a forerunner of modern electronic mail (messages electronically passed from computer to computer). The Time-shared Interactive Computer-Controlled Information Television (TICCIT) system was a CAI project developed by Mitre Corporation and Brigham Young University in Utah. Based on personal computer and television technology, TICCIT was used in the early 1970s to teach freshman-level mathematics and English courses. With the advent of cheaper and more powerful personal computers in the 1980s, use of CAI increased dramatically. In 1980 only 5 percent of elementary schools and 20 percent of secondary schools in the United States had computers for assisting instruction. Three years later, both numbers had roughly quadrupled, and by the end of the decade nearly all schools in the United States, and in most industrialized countries, were equipped with teaching computers. A recent development with far ranging implications for CAI is the vast xpansion of the Internet, a consortium of interlinked computers. By connecting millions of computers worldwide, these networks enable students to access huge stores of information, which greatly enhances their research capabilities. Contributed By: Douglas N. Arnold, A. B. , M. A. , Ph. D. Distinguished Professor, Pennsylvania State University. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE â€Å"Computer-Aided Instruction,† Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2000 htt p://encarta. msn. com  © 1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. How to cite Computer Aided Instruction, Essay examples

Case Study about the Biggest Bankruptcy Case in Australia

Question: Case study about the biggest bankruptcy case in Australia. Answer: Introduction The study is a detailed analysis of a case study related to bankruptcy in U.S.A. The analysis of the case study seeks to identify the inherent problems in the organization and what lead to the downfall of the organization. It will explain the events in the case study with the use of different theories on leadership. It will analyze those theories and ideas to find solutions to the problem identified in the case study. Based on the issues identified, effective solutions will be provided to improve similar kind of situations in the organization. It will recommend the best solution available for the problem and give detailed information on how specific solutions need to be implemented to bring the change in the organization. It will also identify types of unethical behavior demonstrated in the case study and what intervention needs to be done minimize this kind of behavior in an organization. Identifying problems from case study The case study is about the biggest bankruptcy case in Australia. It is about US Company Enron formed by the merger of natural gas pipeline companies Houston Natural Gas and Internorth in 1986. In 15 years time span the company expanded to other products like natural gas, electricity, and communication. The company's downfall became evident from the third quarter of 2001. During that period, the stock market collapsed all of a sudden. Enron could not make new borrowings, and eventually, they ran out of cash. This leads to loss of confidence in leaders of Enron. Though their assets and earnings showed a satisfactory progress of the company but it was just an illusion. Due to partnership and financial deal with the different company, they were in a huge burden of debt. They created false earnings, avoided taxes and hide losses. Another major problem was a conflict of interest. The employees were not united for common objectives. At Enron, the employee appraisal was based on profit gene rated by the employee but not on delivering core values of the organization. There were also unethical practices in the organization. The proof was the case of California was they used unethical means to generate extra profits. They were involved in just raising the companies to share and undermined ethical issues in practice. Even after the retirement of Enron's CEO Jeff Skilling, Ken Lay also followed his steps. They continued to buy more shares and ultimately failed completely and became bankrupt. Board of Directors should monitor unethical behavior in an organization, but they were Enron's CEO themselves were into unethical practice. There was no proper collaboration between employees, and the Directors did not brief on partnerships. Many were sued in the company for insider trading. Though Enron's values were "Respect, Integrity, Communication, and Excellence", but it was not followed in reality. Therefore, major problem analyzed was the conflict of interest (Individualism), lack of borrowings, massive debts and unrestrained pursuit of profit. The risk-t aking a culture of Enron further promoted unethical practices (Leonidou et al., 2013). Explanation of case studies by theories on leadership The action of CEOs of Enron will be identified by relevant theories on leadership. One of them is the Trait theory. This theory suggests that characteristics of a person make them a good leader. Common traits include empathy, integrity, good decision making skills, etc. This believes influences one's action. But Enron failed because both CEOs Jeff Skilling and Ken Lay were lacking in this regard. Though they were involved in creating more profits and earnings, but they did not pay heed to unethical means of achieving it (Colbert et al., 2012). Another theory is the behavioral theory of leadership. It explains the involvement of leaders in team and organization development. Kurt Lewin developed this theory, and he identifies three types of leaders- autocratic, democratic and Laissez-faire leaders. According to the case study, it can be analyzed that the Board of Directors at Enron were autocratic leaders. They did not consult team, there was no briefing on new development or partnerships, and they did not encourage new input from employees. They were just in the pursuit of profit irrespective of unethical means (Chemers 2014). Affect of leadership on culture Leaders can influence organization both positively and negatively. Leaders at Enron had risk taking a culture. They even paid a bonus to employees who manipulated profit estimates. So they encouraged all sorts of unethical behavior in the organization ultimately leading to its downfall. Culture in an organization is created by actions of leaders, focus of leaders, how they reward or penalize employees and their attention to resource development in the organization. Good leaders focus on the above points to nurture and develop the organization culture. They help in molding and shaping the culture of the organization. They act as role models whose actions employees try to emulate. They are the reason for the long-term effectiveness of the organization. They set up an environment within which each team members strive and work together for the excellence of the organization (Klein et al., 2013). Suggest solutions to the problem Enron was dealing with major issues like the conflict of interest, unethical means of business, huge debt, lack of effective leaders, bankruptcy situation and unfair ways of earning profits. This section suggests some solutions to the suggested problems identified in the case study. One of the biggest problems was the error of action of leaders at Enron. They had poor leadership skills, and they could not manage a team according to company's core values. Their focus was only on generating profits, no matter it comes by what means. Such action is encouraged in the organization only because of faulty leaders. This problem can be solved only if leaders take the initiative to improve situations. Leaders may be affected by factors which are beyond the workplace culture. At Enron, they were facing financial problems due to the sudden collapse of the stock exchange. This kind of situations distracts the focus of leaders. So they could have addressed problems in organization and took logical steps to solve it with team members effort. Poor leadership has an impact on overall turnover, employee satisfaction, productivity and culture of the organization. If leader accepted the responsibility for the problem and spent their time on reviving and inspiring workplace, the maj or problems can be solved. Strategic leadership gives clarity of vision and provides a chance for the team members to pursue it in an ethical manner. They provide tools and resources for avoiding obstacles in the work environment (Schoemaker et al., 2013). Another major problem with Enron was an accumulation of huge debt ultimately leading to bankruptcy. Organizations can effectively deal with such situation if they perceive things beforehand. The first step towards dealing with such situation is to do a realistic assessment of companys expenditure and profit. In the case of a financial problem, one can contact creditors and make the modified payments plan that reduces their burden of debts. Any company must have debt management plan in place to better deal with such situations. So Companies should analyze financial situations from the beginning and manage expenditures to avoid accumulation of debts in future. Taking the right amount of debt and at the right time also help in making situations better. Huge debts could be managed by making better borrowing decision earlier. But once it is too late for retroactive financial analysis, there are only two options left. One is to try to save the problem by settling accounts and an exit strat egy that minimizes financial risk. The first option can be executed by cutting cost, contacting employers to improve business model and contacting creditors for lowering interest rates or restructuring payment options. The loan could be consolidated by one payment option which reduces monthly cost and does not put debt burden. The last and the final route is filing for bankruptcy. Though it requires services of a bankruptcy attorney, it is a better option for reducing the debt burden. If any business has assets lesser than debts, bankruptcy allows to pay only the value of assets and not the entire amount (Segal, 2013). Another solution is required for unethical behavior in organizations. If this kind of issues is not addressed, it will lead to serious consequences, and ultimately the organization will suffer for it. There were several unethical practices at Enron such as manipulation of profits for employees, unethical pursuits for profit, etc. A human resource manager could play a role in tackling in unethical issues. To actively address unethical behavior at work, Company's direct can take steps like creating a strict code of ethics in the organization. It establishes those values which are critical for particular business and creates a framework of objectives for the workplace. Such framework helps employees to understand the boundaries within which they have to work. The ethical vision of the company should be communicated to each employee in the form of a broadly written statement. There should be a clear protocol for reporting unethical behavior in the workplace. It could be in the form of me eting with team manager or supervisor. Managers can play a role in helping employees identify and handle ethics violation. New employees could be given ethics training to increase the effectiveness of ethical code. Creating a better and ethical workplace will ultimately lead to improved work process, happier environment and success of business (Jacobs et al., 2014). Recommendation A lot of have been said about the possible solutions to the problem identified in the case study. Another recommendation is related to the effort of team members. Companies prosper due to good team management, and it may also collapse due to the disordered and chaotic team. So team development could be a significant intervention to solve the problem. Improvement in this section will help in getting work done efficiently, and the competent team can also handle all hurdles or obstacle in business (Fransen et al., 2013). Ways of implementation Effective team and good leadership skill is the key to success in the workplace. Building a successful team also depend on the leadership. These approaches could be taken by Enron to improve their problems in the workplace. The following are the ways for team development and accessing the sustainability of team in organization: Clarity about work: The leader must access how well they are accepted by their team members and evaluate areas where they can improve. A leader must ensure that they modify approaches to strengthen the team and lead them to achieve new heights. Making each member aware about the accuracy and clarity of task is important in this regard. Getting to know each member of the teams: It is important for leaders to know the strength and weakness of each team members. It encourages better cooperation in work. Leaders can give the particular task to skillful members and provide training to those members who are lacking in some specific aspects of work. Great leaders know exactly which members to utilize in the urgency of the task and handling tricky situations. Defining clear goal and responsibilities: Once leaders recognize the fundamental skills of each team member, their next task is to define role and responsibilities clearly to each one of them. Each team member is dependent on each other. Talent in the individual should be identified not just by the ability to perform a task but also by checking whether they will fit into organization culture or not. Being proactive with feedback: Getting regular reviews and feedback about teams performance helps a team to improve and develop each day. It will help a team to stay on the right track. One should not give feedback only when the problem arises. Constant and proactive feedback is the key to the success of a team and organization (Broadbent 2013). Conclusion From the analysis of case study about Enron Company, it can be concluded that most organization suffers from similar problems. Problems like financial losses and unethical behavior are common in all organization. But what distinguishes a successful organization from their opposite counterpart is the role of leaders. Effective leaders take the organization forward. But leaders at Enron were more involved in profitable pursuits, but they forgot about ethical issues and core values of the company in their quest for unfair means of money. So the report analyzed the specific problems in the company and suggested relevant solutions to those problems. It explained several theories on leadership style. Finally, it gave ways of effectively implementing a solution to the problem. Reference Broadbent, M. (2013). Focus early on team member capability.Government News,33(2), 12. Chemers, M. (2014).An integrative theory of leadership. Psychology Press. Colbert, A. E., Judge, T. A., Choi, D., Wang, G. (2012). Assessing the trait theory of leadership using self and observer ratings of personality: The mediating role of contributions to group success.The Leadership Quarterly,23(4), 670-685. Fransen, J., Weinberger, A., Kirschner, P. A. (2013). Team effectiveness and team development in CSCL.Educational psychologist,48(1), 9-24. Jacobs, G., Belschak, F. D., Den Hartog, D. N. (2014). (Un) ethical behavior and performance appraisal: the role of affect, support, and organizational justice.Journal of business ethics,121(1), 63-76. Klein, A. S., Wallis, J., Cooke, R. A. (2013). The impact of leadership styles on organizational culture and firm effectiveness: An empirical study.Journal of Management Organization,19(03), 241-254. Leonidou, C. N., Leonidou, L. C., Coudounaris, D. N., Hultman, M. (2013). Value differences as determinants of importers perceptions of exporters unethical behavior: The impact on relationship quality and performance.International Business Review,22(1), 156-173. Schoemaker, P. J., Krupp, S., Howland, S. (2013). Strategic leadership: The essential skills.Harvard business review,91(1), 131-134. Segal, D. (2013). High debt and falling demand trap new vets.New York Times,23.

Short Commentary on Othello Act 4 scene 1 lines 1-46 Essay Example

Short Commentary on Othello Act 4 scene 1 lines 1-46 Paper The opening scene of Act 4 in Othello succeeds one in which Othello begins to confront Desdemona about Cassio via the loss of her handkerchief. Bewildered by her husbands strange new violent and jealous behaviour, Desdemona, unknowingly, tries even harder to help Cassio. She continually implores that Othello gives him back his position as officer, if just in order to remind her husband of his esteemed position among the society, and in general, of his own sense of honour and morality that she, as his wife, had always seen in and respected of him. Act 4 Scene 1 opens up in media-res of a conversation taking place between Iago and Othello. This scene chiefly introduces to the audience Iago as having gained full control, as we see Othello now to be the one unconsciously repeating after him. Through the use of intimation, imagery and the theme of appearance vs. reality, the audience is convinced of Iagos success and Othellos deterioration.   In this scene, the overarching theme of appearance vs. reality is an implied but a recurrent and significant one. Through Iagos character, Shakespeare analogizes materialistic/physical things to the main values explored in the play, successfully conveying to the audience the importance of both, but on a deeper level, how Iago has the ability both to hinder and manipulate them in his acts of double knavery. The handkerchief Othello gives to Desdemona, for example, embodies his love and trust for her, but more deeply his honour in her having accepted him, the moor, the outcast. We will write a custom essay sample on Short Commentary on Othello Act 4 scene 1 lines 1-46 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Short Commentary on Othello Act 4 scene 1 lines 1-46 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Short Commentary on Othello Act 4 scene 1 lines 1-46 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus, the loss of the handkerchief grew to become synonymous with the loss of its value, as is evident from Othellos change in narrative form, as it goes from a form of verse to prose. In addition, Othello says, in line 35 on page 153, Handkerchiefconfessionshandkerchief! To confess and be hanged for this labour. First to be hanged and then to confess. in prose form, and Shakespeares use of it accommodates Othellos use of chiasmus in his speech. Ironically, where chiasmus is used typically as a device to articulate balance or order within a text, the use of it in Othello marks precisely the opposite. Through this Shakespeare conveys Othellos convoluted state of mind both mentally and emotionally, and therefore, Iagos success in his motivations. Furthermore, in pairing both the physical and non-physical things, Iago is also able to draw contrasts between them, as, unlike Desdemonas handkerchief, her honour is an essence thats not seen, thus insinuating her deceit to Othello. Likewise, the reverberation of Iagos use of the word poison throughout several acts reflects his own duplicity, almost as if he chose to name it as such. Poison works slowly but effectively the same way Iagos deception worked on Othello. However, on a deeper level, it also marks Iagos character development as his successes continually accelerate more of his schemes and plans, while at the same time weakening Othello. However, it is the analogy between and a value and a sensual physical action, in an unauthorized kiss in line 3, that epitomizes and conclusively portrays Iagos complete manipulation of Othello, that by combining values of reputation and authority with love and emotion, Othellos weaknesses are used in Iagos power, leaving Othello to seemingly self-destruct. In conclusion, it is Shakespeares use of language and his successful implicit portrayal of themes through characters that allows his audience to unwrap themselves not only the true nature of the relationships between the characters, but also the complementing and contrasting values and ideals that inevitably exist amongst them.

Jacques Cousteau essays

Jacques Cousteau essays Many people know that the earth is covered with water. In fact, 3/4 of the earth is water. The major oceans (i.e. Atlantic, Indian, etc.) are salt water. We can't drink salt water. Sadly enough, we are destroying our oceans and various other parts of our precious earth. But there are people out there who commit their lives to preserving the earth. One man in specific has accomplished such a thing. He has worked to preserve the oceans and the rest of the marine world from our destruction. He has used modern technology and has written several books to try to make the people of earth better understand the gentle world beneath the water and to prevent it from being destroyed. This man is Jacques Cousteau. Jacques Cousteau was born on June 11th, 1910 in St.-Andr-de-Cubzac, France. Jacques was always interested with water in his youth. When Cousteau was 10, he visited the U.S. where he spent several months in New York City which included time playing stickball with the neighborhood children. He left the U.S. with a sense of wonderment about the high technology of this country. In his early teen years, he began fulfilling his fascinations with his interests in machines and in film making. One of his early accomplishments were building a battery-operated car at 13. He also secretly saved his money and when he had enough, he bought a home movie camera. In his later teen years, Jacques became bored with school and began causing trouble. His parents found out why his grades were dropping and sent him off to a boarding school. This new environment gave him the discipline he needed to excel in this new school. Upon graduation, he applied for and was accepted into the Ecole Navale* at the age of 19. Following completion in the Academy, he entered the French Navy as a midshipman. He got involved in an accident in which doctors said that he would never be able to use his left ar ...

Incorporating criticism into your arguements Essay

Incorporating criticism into your arguements - Essay Example Melville’s story is about the dehumanizing effects of the new social order. It is situated in the business center of New York, at Wall Street. Melville’s Narrator has no name, thus symbolically he has lost his personhood, his humanity. He is a lawyer; however, the Narrator is quick to point out that he is not a champion of justice or defender of right. Instead, he describes himself a â€Å"one of those unambitious lawyers who never addresses a jury, or in any way draws down public applause; but in the cool tranquility of a snug retreat, do a snug business among rich men’s bonds and mortgages and title-deeds.† In short, the Narrator is a man whose life is dedicated to the pursuit of wealth and leisure. In a time when commerce and industrialization is on the rise, his job is to aid the newly rich in securing their property, their titles and bonds. On the other hand, Bartleby is the only character in the story with a real name – not a nickname like Turkey, Nipper or Ginger Nut. Bartleby is a man who is entirely disconnected with the world of the wealthy. Sad, quiet and miserable, he writes from morning to night, lives in the office, is surrounded by blank walls with little light, does not eat dinners, and does not have any friends. However, when asked by the Narrator to perform some simple tasks, he flatly, though politely, refuses, without any excuse except that he does not prefer to. Here is depicted the conflict of the regimen of the workplace and personal will. Bartleby is insistent that he abide by his own free will and not be dictated upon by those with the money. It appears, then, that the Narrator, who is schooled, titled and honoured, could be bought, but Bartleby, poor, simple and unknown, could not. Even when the Narrator gives him twenty dollars’ premium over his wages, he quietly shows his refusal. In the story, one cannot help but attach

Documentary film represents its subjects from a distinct perspective Essay

Documentary film represents its subjects from a distinct perspective or point of view. How would you identify the point of view - Essay Example The principles of documentary films and especially as exercised by early documentary filmmakers stand out as crucial distinguishers of these forms of films in comparison to the other representations (NICHOLS, 2003, p. 234). One of the major principles by Grieson includes the fact that the potential of cinemas in looking at life may be in a new art form. The original actor and scene are better than the fiction counterparts are and materials from the ‘raw’ are realer compared to the acted material. A documentary from the previous work of Grieson is therefore, the creative treatment of the actual world. It is also the representation of factual events but in a dramatic setting. A documentary stands out from the rest of other non-fictional films since it provides a well-defined opinion, has facts, and a specific message (NICHOLS, 2003, p. 235). The process of creating documentary projects is simply the documentary practice. It is a complex procedure done by people in order to explain the creative, ethical and conceptual problems arising from the process of making documentaries (Erik, 1993, p. 56). Observational Cinema, which is also Cinema Verite, refers to a style in the filmmaking of documentaries. It is a combination of the power of improvisation and use of a camera in the activity of unveiling the truth. Jean Rouch is the founder of this style and Robert Flaherty is the most popular user of the style in his films. It may involve interactions and set-ups between the filmmaker and the subject under surveillance to a point of provocation. The technique is widely used over the years like in 1963 where Pierre Perrault asked old people to fish for a whale and then filmed them. However, critics argue that this style of filming is a deceptive pseudo-natural formation of reality. Just as research shows of the two ways to present a cinema of the real, one is pretending of one’s ability to present reality and the second the ability to show the problem o f reality. The same is true for of Cinema Verite with the first way being pretense of bringing forth the truth and posing of the problem of the truth (Erik, 1993, p. 58). It is true of what they say that making a film involves elimination of the non-essentials. In the film making industry and especially on documentary filmmaking, documentary mode is exceedingly crucial. This refers to a scheme developed by Bill Nicholas that distinguishes conventions and traits of the many documentary films. The styles applied in documentary filming differ in various ways depending on the purpose and the audience of the documentary. Early documentary filmmakers had a distinct way of representing their subjects on a distinct point of view, which led to their success and fame in the presenting their ideology and uncompromised truth as compared to other as the text will later discuss (Erik, 1993, p. 59). The History of Documentaries The history of documentaries is long and engrossing and various phases of its evolution are crucial in its study. Documentary filmmaking has seen a series of evolution stages dating back to the extreme historical time until the emergence of the most current and technological forms (Michael, 2003, p. 34). Before 1900 During this time in history the art of filmmaking was new and at its initial stages. The basic and commonly used style in this period was the single-shot moments that were exceedingly short in length. However, this was just

Multicultural Sexualities in American History Essay

Multicultural Sexualities in American History - Essay Example The essay "Multicultural Sexualities in American History" paper digs to explore the discrepancies and similarities among the Native American society and the European culture in the American history, as well as, highlighting the most appealing aspects of sexuality that have been adopted in today’s worldviews in addressing gender issues. The colonialism aspect that was practiced by the western cultural society was an effective tool that was used to erase the traditional non-binary roles of sexuality systems. The body is the main object that was observed to the root of sexual practices and gender identity depending on the physical features that opposite sex had. The two societies appreciated that there is a supernatural being that is the giver of life to these bodies. Sexual practices and desires were satisfied through these objects, as well as, giving birth to new generations. Both the Native Americans and the European societies respected the body since it was the object that determined sexuality and gender of people, as well as ethnicity. The body among these two worldviews was viewed as the means or the channel to self-identity. Moreover, different bodies formed hierarchical constructions that were connected with sexual roles in the society. Death was a concern among the two societies that dead bodies were respected. Sexuality entailed a social construction since its meaning took shape via a complex interplay of various cultural experiences, personal positions on individual’s identity and social sanctions.

Effect of Migration on the Economy

Effect of Migration on the Economy Volume of migration varies with the difficulty of surmounting difficulties. Greater the obstacles, lesser the volume of migration. This statement is applicable in the local context as well. As Rodrigues form part of the Mauritius, no major obstacles have been found out. The main obstacle which was the cost of moving and living was solved by taking a loan and borrowing from friends and relatives. Hence the volume of migration was quite high due to no major obstacles and the ability of Rodriguans to surmount the remaining minor obstacles. Volume of migration varies with fluctuations in the economy. This is not really the case in Mauritius. The decision of migration is not much influenced by the economic condition in Mauritius. Most of them won’t consider the economic problems in Mauritius before migrating. According to them Mauritius has more employment opportunities then Rodrigues even times of economic depression. Both rate and volume of migration tend to increase with time. Lee’s findings are applicable in the local context as indeed the volume has increased with time. The process of migration from Rodrigues to Mauritius is quite smooth and does not involve long procedures. It is free of major obstacles and short trip of five hours. However, we are not sure if migration of Rodriguans to Mauritius will increase in the future. Major developments will be occurring in Rodrigues as stated recently by the Minister of Finance and also by the new government. Nevertheless, it depends how far promises will be delivered. If the aim of making Rodrigues a developed island is achieved, then migration will more probably decrease with time as during the survey, most of them said that they do want to return to Rodrigues one day if ever there will be employment opportunities available there. People who have migrated once tend to migrate again. This has neutral relevance in the local context as the answers gained were mixed. 49% of Rodriguans clearly refused to migrate migrate as they are used to Mauritius, also they are in the same Republic. The remaining persons were willing to migrate again. Streams of migration Migration tends to take place largely with in well-defined streams, that is from rural regions to towns and then towards major cities, implying migration occurs in stages instead of one long move. This is partly true. Some Rodriguans lived in small and under developed places when they first migrated to Mauritius, examples are Roche Bois, Baie du Tombeau but are now residing in more developed regions where there are more facilities like Reduit, Beau Bassin/Rose Hill, and Long Mountain. Also, when asked, the majority of them said that if ever they get the chance to migrate to another country, they would do so. However, the above statement is partly wrong as many Rodriguans are still living in the same place where they were living when they first migrated. This doesn’t always happen as most of them don’t have the means to look for houses in developed regions. Lee’s hypothesis depends whether they have the means to move towards other regions or cities. A counter-stream develops for every major migration stream. Efficiency of streams tends to be high if the major factors behind the development of the stream are push factors at the place of origin. Efficiency of streams and counter streams tend to be low if the origin and destination areas share similar characteristics. Rodrigues and Mauritius have huge differences in terms of economic conditions and facilities. Hence, efficiency of streams and counter streams tend to be high. Greater intervening obstacles mean more efficient migration streams. Migrants overcome several intervening obstacles under compelling circumstances. Hence, such migration is taken seriously. Rodriguans who had financial issues and borrowed money from their surroundings can’t return to Rodrigues without being successful as they would be embarrassed in front of their families and friends. Efficiency of migration streams varies with economic conditions. The decision of migration is not much influenced by the economic condition in Mauritius. Most of them won’t consider the economic problems in Mauritius before migrating. According to them Mauritius has more employment opportunities then Rodrigues even times of economic depression. Characteristics of migration Migration is selective; high quality migrants tend to be selected positively. This statement is not applicable in the local context as most migrants are of low calibre and there is no selective selection as such. Most of them are employed in the secondary sector where there is no need of being a high quality migrant while others who work in the tertiary sector may be required to follow some courses or training in Mauritius itself. Any Rodriguan who is willing to work and have the financial means to travel to Mauritius, followed by solved accommodation issues can come to Mauritius. Migrants responding mainly to pull factors at destination tend to be positively selective. Their reason of moving is not because of compelling situations at the rural area but due to better opportunities at the urban destination. Migrants who respond mainly to the push factors at the rural area tend to be negatively selected as they are mainly uneducated and unskilled people, having failed economically and socially. Migrants from Rodrigues with even low literacy level are positively selected, they work in the secondary sector and some work in the primary sector of Mauritius while others may be required to follow some training to work in the tertiary sector. Rodriguans who migrate to Mauritius are not necessarily those who have failed economically and socially as they may simply want to migrate to improve their earnings. When all migrants are considered together, selection for migration tends to be bimodal, some are responding to push factors while some are responding to pull factors. It must be noted that a high proportion of migrants respond mainly to the push factors, especially people with low literacy levels. Increasing intervening obstacles lead to increased positive selection as the weak and incapable migrants are wiped out. Migration is age specific as propensity to migrate is higher during certain stages of the life cycle, especially for young people of working age. This is highly accurate in the local context as it has been notes that people aged between 25-59 years old are more likely to migrate; these are people of working age. The characteristics of migrants are in between the characteristics of the origin population and of the destination population. As Rodrigues form part of Mauritius, we can note that Rodriguans are quite similar to Mauritians in terms of their way of talking, living, culture and norms. Conclusion It can be noted that migration is a function of the interplay of several push and pull factors, implying that there should be a cause for leaving Rodrigues as well as an attraction for Mauritius. When these two conditions are fulfilled, only then movement of Rodriguans will be possible. It can be said that the research findings substantiate considerably the main characteristics of the Lee Push Pull Migration theory discussed in Chapter Two Literature Review. Hence, it can be concluded that the above evaluation offer a satisfactory explanation for the migration behaviour of Rodriguans to Mauritius.

Ethics of Civil Disobedience Essay -- Ethics Morals Philosophy Rationa

Ethics of Civil Disobedience Ban animal cruelty! Give aid to the poor! Save the rainforests! Obey the law! As a human race we must strive to fulfill these commands, for they are our moral duties and obligations. Our obligation to morality sometimes leads to a dilemma. What happens when a law contradicts the morally right thing to do? Would it be moral to act illegally by breaking the law? No matter how drastic the measure, we are still required to act morally--even if one must break the law to do so. But why is it so important to be moral that one could justify something as serious as breaking the law? If morality is so significant that one could justify breaking the law we must consider the importance of being moral in the first place. The question â€Å"Why be moral?† is difficult for many philosophers to answer. Just by our attempt to answer this question we would already be displaying the need to act morally. This is more clearly seen with the difficulty is asking a similar type of question, â€Å"Why act rationally?† According to Singer many philosophers reject the question â€Å"Why act morally?† because it is parallel to this question of acting rationally. It would take rationality to explain why one should act rationally. Thus defeating the need to explain the importance of rationality in the first place. â€Å"†¦it needs no justification, because it cannot be intelligibly questioned unless it is already presupposed† (Singer 316). Similarly â€Å"why be moral?† asks for a moral reason to act morally. Modern Kantianism considers acting rationally to be the same as acting ethically. If this is true, one could rationalize a need that is in their own self interest, yet at the same time against the interest of another individual. Since this c... ... is the only means of preventing greater violence would be responsible for the greater violence they fail to prevent† (Singer 307). Pacifism can be seen in the same way as the omission approach to euthanasia. Although you are not directly killing, by refusing to step in you are allowing to die. Since the ends can justify the means, even something as radical as violently breaking the law can be the moral thing to do. Above all we desire a meaning to life. We can find meaning by acting morally. Therefore, one is not obligated to obey a law that contradicts morality. After all, it would be morally wrong of the government to deny anyone meaning in life. Works Cited * Singer, Peter. Practical Ethics, 2nd edition. 1993. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press * Rachels, James. â€Å"The Elements of Moral Philosophy,† Fourth Edition. McGraw Hill, New York, 2003.