Thursday, November 28, 2019

Short Commentary on Othello Act 4 scene 1 lines 1-46 Essay Example

Short Commentary on Othello Act 4 scene 1 lines 1-46 Paper The opening scene of Act 4 in Othello succeeds one in which Othello begins to confront Desdemona about Cassio via the loss of her handkerchief. Bewildered by her husbands strange new violent and jealous behaviour, Desdemona, unknowingly, tries even harder to help Cassio. She continually implores that Othello gives him back his position as officer, if just in order to remind her husband of his esteemed position among the society, and in general, of his own sense of honour and morality that she, as his wife, had always seen in and respected of him. Act 4 Scene 1 opens up in media-res of a conversation taking place between Iago and Othello. This scene chiefly introduces to the audience Iago as having gained full control, as we see Othello now to be the one unconsciously repeating after him. Through the use of intimation, imagery and the theme of appearance vs. reality, the audience is convinced of Iagos success and Othellos deterioration.   In this scene, the overarching theme of appearance vs. reality is an implied but a recurrent and significant one. Through Iagos character, Shakespeare analogizes materialistic/physical things to the main values explored in the play, successfully conveying to the audience the importance of both, but on a deeper level, how Iago has the ability both to hinder and manipulate them in his acts of double knavery. The handkerchief Othello gives to Desdemona, for example, embodies his love and trust for her, but more deeply his honour in her having accepted him, the moor, the outcast. We will write a custom essay sample on Short Commentary on Othello Act 4 scene 1 lines 1-46 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Short Commentary on Othello Act 4 scene 1 lines 1-46 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Short Commentary on Othello Act 4 scene 1 lines 1-46 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus, the loss of the handkerchief grew to become synonymous with the loss of its value, as is evident from Othellos change in narrative form, as it goes from a form of verse to prose. In addition, Othello says, in line 35 on page 153, Handkerchiefconfessionshandkerchief! To confess and be hanged for this labour. First to be hanged and then to confess. in prose form, and Shakespeares use of it accommodates Othellos use of chiasmus in his speech. Ironically, where chiasmus is used typically as a device to articulate balance or order within a text, the use of it in Othello marks precisely the opposite. Through this Shakespeare conveys Othellos convoluted state of mind both mentally and emotionally, and therefore, Iagos success in his motivations. Furthermore, in pairing both the physical and non-physical things, Iago is also able to draw contrasts between them, as, unlike Desdemonas handkerchief, her honour is an essence thats not seen, thus insinuating her deceit to Othello. Likewise, the reverberation of Iagos use of the word poison throughout several acts reflects his own duplicity, almost as if he chose to name it as such. Poison works slowly but effectively the same way Iagos deception worked on Othello. However, on a deeper level, it also marks Iagos character development as his successes continually accelerate more of his schemes and plans, while at the same time weakening Othello. However, it is the analogy between and a value and a sensual physical action, in an unauthorized kiss in line 3, that epitomizes and conclusively portrays Iagos complete manipulation of Othello, that by combining values of reputation and authority with love and emotion, Othellos weaknesses are used in Iagos power, leaving Othello to seemingly self-destruct. In conclusion, it is Shakespeares use of language and his successful implicit portrayal of themes through characters that allows his audience to unwrap themselves not only the true nature of the relationships between the characters, but also the complementing and contrasting values and ideals that inevitably exist amongst them.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Jacques Cousteau essays

Jacques Cousteau essays Many people know that the earth is covered with water. In fact, 3/4 of the earth is water. The major oceans (i.e. Atlantic, Indian, etc.) are salt water. We can't drink salt water. Sadly enough, we are destroying our oceans and various other parts of our precious earth. But there are people out there who commit their lives to preserving the earth. One man in specific has accomplished such a thing. He has worked to preserve the oceans and the rest of the marine world from our destruction. He has used modern technology and has written several books to try to make the people of earth better understand the gentle world beneath the water and to prevent it from being destroyed. This man is Jacques Cousteau. Jacques Cousteau was born on June 11th, 1910 in St.-Andr-de-Cubzac, France. Jacques was always interested with water in his youth. When Cousteau was 10, he visited the U.S. where he spent several months in New York City which included time playing stickball with the neighborhood children. He left the U.S. with a sense of wonderment about the high technology of this country. In his early teen years, he began fulfilling his fascinations with his interests in machines and in film making. One of his early accomplishments were building a battery-operated car at 13. He also secretly saved his money and when he had enough, he bought a home movie camera. In his later teen years, Jacques became bored with school and began causing trouble. His parents found out why his grades were dropping and sent him off to a boarding school. This new environment gave him the discipline he needed to excel in this new school. Upon graduation, he applied for and was accepted into the Ecole Navale* at the age of 19. Following completion in the Academy, he entered the French Navy as a midshipman. He got involved in an accident in which doctors said that he would never be able to use his left ar ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Incorporating criticism into your arguements Essay

Incorporating criticism into your arguements - Essay Example Melville’s story is about the dehumanizing effects of the new social order. It is situated in the business center of New York, at Wall Street. Melville’s Narrator has no name, thus symbolically he has lost his personhood, his humanity. He is a lawyer; however, the Narrator is quick to point out that he is not a champion of justice or defender of right. Instead, he describes himself a â€Å"one of those unambitious lawyers who never addresses a jury, or in any way draws down public applause; but in the cool tranquility of a snug retreat, do a snug business among rich men’s bonds and mortgages and title-deeds.† In short, the Narrator is a man whose life is dedicated to the pursuit of wealth and leisure. In a time when commerce and industrialization is on the rise, his job is to aid the newly rich in securing their property, their titles and bonds. On the other hand, Bartleby is the only character in the story with a real name – not a nickname like Turkey, Nipper or Ginger Nut. Bartleby is a man who is entirely disconnected with the world of the wealthy. Sad, quiet and miserable, he writes from morning to night, lives in the office, is surrounded by blank walls with little light, does not eat dinners, and does not have any friends. However, when asked by the Narrator to perform some simple tasks, he flatly, though politely, refuses, without any excuse except that he does not prefer to. Here is depicted the conflict of the regimen of the workplace and personal will. Bartleby is insistent that he abide by his own free will and not be dictated upon by those with the money. It appears, then, that the Narrator, who is schooled, titled and honoured, could be bought, but Bartleby, poor, simple and unknown, could not. Even when the Narrator gives him twenty dollars’ premium over his wages, he quietly shows his refusal. In the story, one cannot help but attach

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Documentary film represents its subjects from a distinct perspective Essay

Documentary film represents its subjects from a distinct perspective or point of view. How would you identify the point of view - Essay Example The principles of documentary films and especially as exercised by early documentary filmmakers stand out as crucial distinguishers of these forms of films in comparison to the other representations (NICHOLS, 2003, p. 234). One of the major principles by Grieson includes the fact that the potential of cinemas in looking at life may be in a new art form. The original actor and scene are better than the fiction counterparts are and materials from the ‘raw’ are realer compared to the acted material. A documentary from the previous work of Grieson is therefore, the creative treatment of the actual world. It is also the representation of factual events but in a dramatic setting. A documentary stands out from the rest of other non-fictional films since it provides a well-defined opinion, has facts, and a specific message (NICHOLS, 2003, p. 235). The process of creating documentary projects is simply the documentary practice. It is a complex procedure done by people in order to explain the creative, ethical and conceptual problems arising from the process of making documentaries (Erik, 1993, p. 56). Observational Cinema, which is also Cinema Verite, refers to a style in the filmmaking of documentaries. It is a combination of the power of improvisation and use of a camera in the activity of unveiling the truth. Jean Rouch is the founder of this style and Robert Flaherty is the most popular user of the style in his films. It may involve interactions and set-ups between the filmmaker and the subject under surveillance to a point of provocation. The technique is widely used over the years like in 1963 where Pierre Perrault asked old people to fish for a whale and then filmed them. However, critics argue that this style of filming is a deceptive pseudo-natural formation of reality. Just as research shows of the two ways to present a cinema of the real, one is pretending of one’s ability to present reality and the second the ability to show the problem o f reality. The same is true for of Cinema Verite with the first way being pretense of bringing forth the truth and posing of the problem of the truth (Erik, 1993, p. 58). It is true of what they say that making a film involves elimination of the non-essentials. In the film making industry and especially on documentary filmmaking, documentary mode is exceedingly crucial. This refers to a scheme developed by Bill Nicholas that distinguishes conventions and traits of the many documentary films. The styles applied in documentary filming differ in various ways depending on the purpose and the audience of the documentary. Early documentary filmmakers had a distinct way of representing their subjects on a distinct point of view, which led to their success and fame in the presenting their ideology and uncompromised truth as compared to other as the text will later discuss (Erik, 1993, p. 59). The History of Documentaries The history of documentaries is long and engrossing and various phases of its evolution are crucial in its study. Documentary filmmaking has seen a series of evolution stages dating back to the extreme historical time until the emergence of the most current and technological forms (Michael, 2003, p. 34). Before 1900 During this time in history the art of filmmaking was new and at its initial stages. The basic and commonly used style in this period was the single-shot moments that were exceedingly short in length. However, this was just

Monday, November 18, 2019

Multicultural Sexualities in American History Essay

Multicultural Sexualities in American History - Essay Example The essay "Multicultural Sexualities in American History" paper digs to explore the discrepancies and similarities among the Native American society and the European culture in the American history, as well as, highlighting the most appealing aspects of sexuality that have been adopted in today’s worldviews in addressing gender issues. The colonialism aspect that was practiced by the western cultural society was an effective tool that was used to erase the traditional non-binary roles of sexuality systems. The body is the main object that was observed to the root of sexual practices and gender identity depending on the physical features that opposite sex had. The two societies appreciated that there is a supernatural being that is the giver of life to these bodies. Sexual practices and desires were satisfied through these objects, as well as, giving birth to new generations. Both the Native Americans and the European societies respected the body since it was the object that determined sexuality and gender of people, as well as ethnicity. The body among these two worldviews was viewed as the means or the channel to self-identity. Moreover, different bodies formed hierarchical constructions that were connected with sexual roles in the society. Death was a concern among the two societies that dead bodies were respected. Sexuality entailed a social construction since its meaning took shape via a complex interplay of various cultural experiences, personal positions on individual’s identity and social sanctions.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Effect of Migration on the Economy

Effect of Migration on the Economy Volume of migration varies with the difficulty of surmounting difficulties. Greater the obstacles, lesser the volume of migration. This statement is applicable in the local context as well. As Rodrigues form part of the Mauritius, no major obstacles have been found out. The main obstacle which was the cost of moving and living was solved by taking a loan and borrowing from friends and relatives. Hence the volume of migration was quite high due to no major obstacles and the ability of Rodriguans to surmount the remaining minor obstacles. Volume of migration varies with fluctuations in the economy. This is not really the case in Mauritius. The decision of migration is not much influenced by the economic condition in Mauritius. Most of them won’t consider the economic problems in Mauritius before migrating. According to them Mauritius has more employment opportunities then Rodrigues even times of economic depression. Both rate and volume of migration tend to increase with time. Lee’s findings are applicable in the local context as indeed the volume has increased with time. The process of migration from Rodrigues to Mauritius is quite smooth and does not involve long procedures. It is free of major obstacles and short trip of five hours. However, we are not sure if migration of Rodriguans to Mauritius will increase in the future. Major developments will be occurring in Rodrigues as stated recently by the Minister of Finance and also by the new government. Nevertheless, it depends how far promises will be delivered. If the aim of making Rodrigues a developed island is achieved, then migration will more probably decrease with time as during the survey, most of them said that they do want to return to Rodrigues one day if ever there will be employment opportunities available there. People who have migrated once tend to migrate again. This has neutral relevance in the local context as the answers gained were mixed. 49% of Rodriguans clearly refused to migrate migrate as they are used to Mauritius, also they are in the same Republic. The remaining persons were willing to migrate again. Streams of migration Migration tends to take place largely with in well-defined streams, that is from rural regions to towns and then towards major cities, implying migration occurs in stages instead of one long move. This is partly true. Some Rodriguans lived in small and under developed places when they first migrated to Mauritius, examples are Roche Bois, Baie du Tombeau but are now residing in more developed regions where there are more facilities like Reduit, Beau Bassin/Rose Hill, and Long Mountain. Also, when asked, the majority of them said that if ever they get the chance to migrate to another country, they would do so. However, the above statement is partly wrong as many Rodriguans are still living in the same place where they were living when they first migrated. This doesn’t always happen as most of them don’t have the means to look for houses in developed regions. Lee’s hypothesis depends whether they have the means to move towards other regions or cities. A counter-stream develops for every major migration stream. Efficiency of streams tends to be high if the major factors behind the development of the stream are push factors at the place of origin. Efficiency of streams and counter streams tend to be low if the origin and destination areas share similar characteristics. Rodrigues and Mauritius have huge differences in terms of economic conditions and facilities. Hence, efficiency of streams and counter streams tend to be high. Greater intervening obstacles mean more efficient migration streams. Migrants overcome several intervening obstacles under compelling circumstances. Hence, such migration is taken seriously. Rodriguans who had financial issues and borrowed money from their surroundings can’t return to Rodrigues without being successful as they would be embarrassed in front of their families and friends. Efficiency of migration streams varies with economic conditions. The decision of migration is not much influenced by the economic condition in Mauritius. Most of them won’t consider the economic problems in Mauritius before migrating. According to them Mauritius has more employment opportunities then Rodrigues even times of economic depression. Characteristics of migration Migration is selective; high quality migrants tend to be selected positively. This statement is not applicable in the local context as most migrants are of low calibre and there is no selective selection as such. Most of them are employed in the secondary sector where there is no need of being a high quality migrant while others who work in the tertiary sector may be required to follow some courses or training in Mauritius itself. Any Rodriguan who is willing to work and have the financial means to travel to Mauritius, followed by solved accommodation issues can come to Mauritius. Migrants responding mainly to pull factors at destination tend to be positively selective. Their reason of moving is not because of compelling situations at the rural area but due to better opportunities at the urban destination. Migrants who respond mainly to the push factors at the rural area tend to be negatively selected as they are mainly uneducated and unskilled people, having failed economically and socially. Migrants from Rodrigues with even low literacy level are positively selected, they work in the secondary sector and some work in the primary sector of Mauritius while others may be required to follow some training to work in the tertiary sector. Rodriguans who migrate to Mauritius are not necessarily those who have failed economically and socially as they may simply want to migrate to improve their earnings. When all migrants are considered together, selection for migration tends to be bimodal, some are responding to push factors while some are responding to pull factors. It must be noted that a high proportion of migrants respond mainly to the push factors, especially people with low literacy levels. Increasing intervening obstacles lead to increased positive selection as the weak and incapable migrants are wiped out. Migration is age specific as propensity to migrate is higher during certain stages of the life cycle, especially for young people of working age. This is highly accurate in the local context as it has been notes that people aged between 25-59 years old are more likely to migrate; these are people of working age. The characteristics of migrants are in between the characteristics of the origin population and of the destination population. As Rodrigues form part of Mauritius, we can note that Rodriguans are quite similar to Mauritians in terms of their way of talking, living, culture and norms. Conclusion It can be noted that migration is a function of the interplay of several push and pull factors, implying that there should be a cause for leaving Rodrigues as well as an attraction for Mauritius. When these two conditions are fulfilled, only then movement of Rodriguans will be possible. It can be said that the research findings substantiate considerably the main characteristics of the Lee Push Pull Migration theory discussed in Chapter Two Literature Review. Hence, it can be concluded that the above evaluation offer a satisfactory explanation for the migration behaviour of Rodriguans to Mauritius.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Ethics of Civil Disobedience Essay -- Ethics Morals Philosophy Rationa

Ethics of Civil Disobedience Ban animal cruelty! Give aid to the poor! Save the rainforests! Obey the law! As a human race we must strive to fulfill these commands, for they are our moral duties and obligations. Our obligation to morality sometimes leads to a dilemma. What happens when a law contradicts the morally right thing to do? Would it be moral to act illegally by breaking the law? No matter how drastic the measure, we are still required to act morally--even if one must break the law to do so. But why is it so important to be moral that one could justify something as serious as breaking the law? If morality is so significant that one could justify breaking the law we must consider the importance of being moral in the first place. The question â€Å"Why be moral?† is difficult for many philosophers to answer. Just by our attempt to answer this question we would already be displaying the need to act morally. This is more clearly seen with the difficulty is asking a similar type of question, â€Å"Why act rationally?† According to Singer many philosophers reject the question â€Å"Why act morally?† because it is parallel to this question of acting rationally. It would take rationality to explain why one should act rationally. Thus defeating the need to explain the importance of rationality in the first place. â€Å"†¦it needs no justification, because it cannot be intelligibly questioned unless it is already presupposed† (Singer 316). Similarly â€Å"why be moral?† asks for a moral reason to act morally. Modern Kantianism considers acting rationally to be the same as acting ethically. If this is true, one could rationalize a need that is in their own self interest, yet at the same time against the interest of another individual. Since this c... ... is the only means of preventing greater violence would be responsible for the greater violence they fail to prevent† (Singer 307). Pacifism can be seen in the same way as the omission approach to euthanasia. Although you are not directly killing, by refusing to step in you are allowing to die. Since the ends can justify the means, even something as radical as violently breaking the law can be the moral thing to do. Above all we desire a meaning to life. We can find meaning by acting morally. Therefore, one is not obligated to obey a law that contradicts morality. After all, it would be morally wrong of the government to deny anyone meaning in life. Works Cited * Singer, Peter. Practical Ethics, 2nd edition. 1993. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press * Rachels, James. â€Å"The Elements of Moral Philosophy,† Fourth Edition. McGraw Hill, New York, 2003.